Handbook Courses & MCQs Cases Publish Case
Create User Login
Case Competition Overview 2024

Case Competition 2024 – All submitted cases Case 9 Unconventional Reconstruction of a Complex Genital Defect

Keywords: Genital reconstruction, DIEP flap, Rotation flap

Authors: Iman Ghanad (MD) and Amir K. Bigdeli (MD). BG Ludwigshafen, Germany

A 56-year-old male patient presented to the urological emergency department with progressively increasing swelling and redness in the genital area. Following the diagnosis of Fournier gangrene, the patient underwent multiple radical necrosectomies, bilateral hemiscrotectomies, and surgical displacement of the testicles into femoral scrotal compartments. Septic symptoms and acute kidney failure necessitated intensive care monitoring for the first sixteen days postoperatively. Subsequently, a significant soft tissue defect (17 x 24 cm) in the inguinal and genital region emerged, prompting referral to our hospital for specialized defect reconstruction. The patient’s medical history revealed several underlying conditions including coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, and type II diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy. Initially, wound bed preparation was performed in our clinic for further reconstructive planning. It was noticed that the wound was suitable for split-thickness skin grafting. However, due to the patient’s non-compliance and the necessity for postoperative bed rest, which the patient did not adhere to, the attempts at split-thickness skin grafting were futile on two occasions. Consequently, the patient decided to discharge himself voluntarily against explicit medical advice. Due to postoperative bleeding and persistent wound healing issues, the patient returned to our clinic for further surgical treatment.

Before and after

Patient examination

Upon admission to our hospital, the 56-year-old male exhibited obesity. A 17 x 24 cm soft tissue defect could be identified in the inguinal and genital area with bilateral exposed testicles. The testicles were previously relocated into subcutaneous pouches in the thighs. No signs of infection could be detected.

Pre-Operative Considerations

Reconstructive surgery encounters a significant challenge when addressing complex soft tissue loss in the genital and inguinal regions. The inguinal area represents a crucial convergence point of essential anatomical structures. Several individual factors need consideration in developing the treatment plan, including the extent of the defect, potential exposure of anatomical structures, functional requirements, and the patient’s medical history. Given the patient’s prior non-compliance with strict bed rest, opting for free flap surgery carries a heightened risk of failure. Furthermore, previous attempts at split-thickness skin grafting were unsuccessful. Considering the size and position of the soft tissue defect, along with the patient’s specific circumstances of prior unsuccessful coverage attempts, we chose to perform defect reconstruction using a sliding triangular-shaped Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Alternatively, there was the option of reconstruction using bilateral Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. Preoperative CT angiography and color-coded duplex sonography demonstrated robust medial abdominal perforators. Following preoperative surgical treatment plan was worked out for a one stage surgical attempt:

  • 1. Extensive debridement of the wound bed to remove previously epithelialized skin areas due to the conducted split-thickness skin grafting.
  • 2. Reconstruction of the soft tissue defect with a triangular-shaped DIEP flap.
  • 3. Alternative: Reconstruction of the soft tissue defect using bilateral unipedicled ALT flaps.
1

Step 1: Previous multiple wound bed preparation and skin Grafting attempts

The wound bed was prepared by debriding non-viable tissue and taking precise measurements of the defect. Split-thickness skin grafting was initially deemed suitable for the wound bed, and accordingly, the procedure was performed using skin harvested from the right thigh. However, due to the patient’s non-compliance with postoperative bed rest, which was crucial for successful healing, the skin grafting failed on two separate occasions.

2

Step 2: Intra-operative Planning

The initial intraoperative plan was to raise a triangular-shaped bipedicled DIEP flap, intending to rotate it 90° clockwise to reconstruct the entire defect, encompassing both the testicles and scrotum

3

Step 3: Extensive Debridement

Reconstruction began with a thorough debridement of the wound edges. During this process, previously epithelialized skin areas resulting from the conducted split-thickness skin grafts were thourughly removed, even from the testicles.

4

Step 4: Flap dissection:

Following a meticulous analysis of the flap dimensions and the extent of the defect, we revised our initial reconstruction plan. Considering the dimensions of the defect, we chose to perform proximal defect reconstruction using a sliding bipedicled DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) flap for the proximal portion of the defect. Additionally, we decided to reconstruct the distal portions of the defect using rotational flap surgery from the inner thighs.

5

Step 5: Dissection of the rotational flaps for reconstruction of the distal defect:

At the beginning, the borders of the rotational flap were delineated and marked on both sides of the thigh using a sterile marker. Following the preparation and elevation of the rotational flap, rotation was executed along with additional release in the form of bilateral Burow’s triangles. Through this method, the rotational flap successfully achieved tension-free coverage of the distal skin and soft tissue defect up to the base of the penis. The flaps were attached to the remaining scrotum with 3-0 absorbable sutures.

6

Step 6: Dissection of the DIEP flap for reconstruction of the proximal defect:

The borders of the DIEP flap were delineated and demarcated according to the needed size, using a sterile marker. For the reconstruction of the remaining defect, a DIEP flap reconstruction was performed, incorporating the robust medial perforators previously identified in the CT-Angiography. Initially, the right-sided DIEP flap was elevated from lateral to medial in an epifascial manner. Subsequently, the left-sided flap was then elevated

7

Step 7: Perforator identification and dissection:

The procedure involved precise dissection of the large-caliber epigastric perforators of the medial row and tracking them through the muscle. The perforators were dissected until tensionless sliding of the flap was possible. In this process, the muscle remained almost entirely intact. Subsequently, the flap was perfused adequately only through the perforators after sufficient dissection.

8

Step 8: Distal transposition of the flap

Following the adequate preparation of the perforators, the flap was shifted distally.

9

Step 9: Modelling:

Now, the tension-free caudal shift of the flap was performed. Furthermore, the umbilicus was repositioned more caudally. Limited mobilization of the abdominal wall was conducted to ensure a tension-free closure.

10

Step 10: Securing of flap

Securing the DIEP flap and donor-site closure:Donor-site closure was achieved through a modified abdominoplasty. Securing of the flap was performed with self-resorbing subcutaneous and intracutaneous sutures. The abdominal fascia was closed with non-resorbale Prolene 2-0 sutures without constriction of the perforators on both sides.

Post-Operative Plan

The patient should remain sedentary in bed for five days with hourly monitoring of the perfusion of the flaps by the surgeon for 48 hours. The patient will require outpatient monitoring and follow-up appointments scheduled at two weeks, six weeks, three months, and 12 months post-surgery.

Pearls

  • The unconventional use of bipedicular sliding DIEP flap may achieve outstanding results in covering complex genital defects.
  • Extensive preoperative planning can streamline the surgical procedure and decrease the duration of the operation.

Pitfalls

  • Non-Compliance can severely limit the options for defect reconstruction.
  • Tension-free flap surgeries are crucial for successful healing

Procedure and cases

Card image cap

Case 1

Treatment of Complex Wound on Foot with NovoSorb and Split-thickness Skin Graft

Card image cap

Case 2

Perforator-based soft tissue reconstruction around the knee, utilizing a D-POP ALT flap

Card image cap

Case 3

Surgical Management of Soft Tissue Calcium Deposition in the Lower Limbs

Card image cap

Case 4

Wound healing and dermal regeneration in delayed presentation of a burn patient treated with NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporising Matrix

Card image cap

Case 5

Reconstruction of lower right eyelid using a combined tarsoconjunctival flap, temporal fascial turn-over flap, transposition flap and full-thickness skin graft

Card image cap

Case 6

Revolving Door Flap

Card image cap

Case 7

Closure of larger tip defect by a modified Peng-Flap with extended Nasofrontal dissection

Card image cap

Case 8

Right ala nasi reconstruction with a superior based nasolabial flap

Card image cap

Case 10

The Skaerlund-Stairway approach to reconstruction of upper eyelid defects

Card image cap

Case 11

Pushing the Limits of Unilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Card image cap

Case 12

Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty

Card image cap

Case 13

Hypothenar hammer syndrome after minor injury to the hand

Card image cap

Case 14

Full-thickness scalp and skull defect with dura mater exposure due to dissociation of pain sensation and anankastic personality disorder

Card image cap

Case 15

Staircase flap reconstruction of the lower lip


Want to contribute?

Add your case now


Contents
Watch video

Handbook

Surgical Handbook